Theorıes Of Internatıonal Relatıons I

Yanıt Açıklaması: While some realists like Carr (1981), do not support a categorical separation (or divorce, in his exact words) between political and moral field (97-100), all of them underlines the fact that when it comes to international politics, what is at stake is survival of state.

Yanıt Açıklaması: International Relations as a discipline was born following the devastation and trauma of the First World War (WWI).

Yanıt Açıklaması: Rationalism has adopted deduction as a scientific method that depends on the reason and intuition as well as a source of knowledge rather than observation and experiment and it is called as a priori knowledge. The correct answer is C.

Yanıt Açıklaması: Famine

Yanıt Açıklaması: Natural order

Yanıt Açıklaması: Commerce

Yanıt Açıklaması: In this respect, Marx argues, the actual course of history is determined by class struggle.

Yanıt Açıklaması: On a theoretical level, neorealism is not interested in developing a solid framework to facilitate foreseeing foreign policy moves of international actors. As such, this paradigm is not capable of offering an "explicit policy guidance to state leaders as they confront the practical problems of world politics. This is presumably because they have little or no choice owing to the confining international structure in which they must operate".

Yanıt Açıklaması: Haas defined integration as “a process for the creation of political communities defined in institutional and attitudinal terms”. Among his generalizations for the regularities observed within the industrialized-pluralistic nations (such as the case of economic integration of Western Europe) were: (1) interests of the governments and groups in direction of interdependence and mutual benefits (2) collective decisions , (3) spill-over and (4) the faith of elites in increased integration.

Yanıt Açıklaması: Thus, the liberal reading of IR is composed of both conflictual and cooperative behaviors of states, non-state entities and individuals. Liberal tradition (despite its variations) is cooperative in its nature because of its emphasis on human freedom which is thought to cumulate through cooperation, interaction and interdependence.

Yanıt Açıklaması: Most postmodernists argue that popular culture exists independent of capitalist control and is used by people. There are also free individuals who do not necessarily feel exploited and who are, indeed, quite happy to identify themselves through the products they buy from the capitalist system. To them, classes are generally irrelevant to their lives.

Yanıt Açıklaması: One of the precursors of neoclassical realism is Gideon Rose.

Yanıt Açıklaması: Neo-Marxism focuses especially on the issues of underdeveloped and core-developed country relations. In this regard, many neo-Marxists accuse the West that represents the world capitalist system of keeping underdeveloped countries in a position of subordination and dependence through limiting investments and bribing local elites. The correct answer is D.

Yanıt Açıklaması: Simple balance, regional balance, rigid balance, multiple balance, global balance, local balance and flexible balance are types of balance of power.

Yanıt Açıklaması: When the systems approach is used, the structure becomes the main focus to emphasize and the features of each state and their decision makers or power capabilities are not taken into consideration. In other words, in such cases, public opinions, local characters, ethnic or ideological differences are not a point of concern for the researcher.

Yanıt Açıklaması: After 1970s, a group of scientists claimed clearly the invalidity of the state-centric approaches as a result of globalization and emerging non-state actors. While state-centric paradigm focused on subjects such as security and stability, the others offered interdependency and transnationalism as conceptual frameworks whereby military and security issues were no longer main subjects. Concepts such as inequality and exploitation were increasingly discussed. Paradigm debate began with the rejection of assumptions adopting the state as a basic actor.

Yanıt Açıklaması: The permanent members of the United Nations Security Council are the five states that the United Nations Charter grants a permanent seat on the United Nations Security Council. These are the United States, Russian Federation, the United Kingdom, France and People’s Republic of China. Italy is not a permanent member.

Yanıt Açıklaması: The North-South division is criticized for splitting the world and segregating people along economic lines.

Yanıt Açıklaması: First, let's have a look at the six principles: 1. Politics is governed by objective laws that have their roots in human nature. 2. Statesmen conduct themselves in terms of interest defined as power. 3. Interest determines political conduct within the political and cultural context which foreign policy is formulated. 4. Prudence is the supreme virtue in international politics. There can be no political morality without prudence. 5. Nations are entities that pursue their interests as defined by power and should not be judged by universal moral principles. 6. Political realism rejects the legalistic-moralistic approach to international politics. As seen in these principles, first classical realists, without denying the importance of anarchy, underlines the role of human nature. To describe this nature, Thomas Hobbes uses these words: “… in the first place, I put for a general inclination of all mankind a perpetual and restless desire of power after power, that ceaseth only in death” (Hobbes, 2016). Simply put, man is naturally egoist and in a world of limited resources, he is guided by an endless will to gain power and it is this will that shapes his relations with others. As an animus dominandi, he constantly seeks to make others the subject of his domination. In realist perspective, this egoism and powerseeker (domination-seeker) character of human-being is also found as a constitutive element in every association and organization created by man. So, if international politics is all about power, it is the inevitable result of the reflection of human characteristic on international actors.

Yanıt Açıklaması: Multipolar balance